WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CABLE?

A. Twisted Pair 

Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many business computers to the telephone company. Twisted pair comes with each pair uniquely color coded when it is packaged in multiple pairs. The wire you buy at a local hardware store for extensions from your phone or computer modem to a wall jack is not twisted pair. It is a side-by-side wire known as silver satin. Two different types of twisted pair cable, unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP) are used in different kinds of installations.

source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/13433/twisted-pair-cable

 a. Shielded Twisted Pair   

Shielded twisted pair is a special kind of copper telephone wiring used in some business installations. An outer covering or shield is added to the ordinary twisted pair telephone wires; the shield functions as a ground. STP is similar to unshielded twisted pair (UTP); however, it contains an extra foil wrapping or copper braid jacket to help shield the cable signals from interference. STP cables are costlier when compared to UTP, but has the advantage of being capable of supporting higher transmission rates across longer distances.

source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/shielded-twisted-pair

                                                    b. Unshielded Twisted Pair

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables are widely used in the computer and telecommunications industry as Ethernet cables and telephone wires. 

In an UTP cable, conductors which form a single circuit are twisted around each other in order to cancel out electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources. Unshielded means no additional shielding like meshes or aluminum foil, which add bulk, are used.

UTP cables are often groups of twisted pairs grouped together with color coded insulators, the number of which depends on the purpose. 

source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/unshielded-twisted-pair

B. Coaxial

Coaxial cable is a type of copper cable specially built with a metal shield and other components engineered to block signal interference. It is primarily used by cable TV companies to connect their satellite antenna facilities to customer homes and businesses. It is also sometimes used by telephone companies to connect central offices to telephone poles near customers. Coaxial cable received its name because it includes one physical channel that carries the signal surrounded.

source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/coaxial

C. Fiber Optic

Fiber optics, or optical fiber, refers to the medium and the technology associated with the transmission of information as light pulses along a glass or plastic strand or fiber. A fiber optic cable can contain a varying number of these glass fibers -- from a few up to a couple hundred. Surrounding the glass fiber core is another glass layer called cladding. A layer known as a buffer tube protects the cladding, and a jacket layer acts as the final protective layer for the individual strand.

source: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/13433/fiber-optic

Straight-through cable is a type of twisted pair copper wire cable for local area network (LAN) use for which the RJ-45 connectors at each end have the same pinout (i.e., arrangement of conductors).

It is identical to crossover cable, except that in the latter the wires on the cable are crossed over so that the receive signal pins on the connector on one end are connected to the transmit signal pins on the connector on the other end.

Straight-through cable is also commonly referred to as patch cable. However, this might be confusing in some situations because patch cable also has a broader definition that emphasizes the fact that there is a connector on each end rather than the equality (or lack thereof) of the pinouts.

Straight-through cable is used to connect computers and other end-user devices (e.g., printers) to networking devices such as hubs and switches. It can also be used to directly connect like devices (e.g., two hubs or two switches) if the cable is plugged into an uplink port on one (but not both) of the devices. Crossover cable is used to connect two like devices without the use of an uplink port.

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY?

Linear bus topology is a type of network topology in which each device is connected one after the other in a sequential chain (shown right). In this case, the bus is the network connection between the devices, and if any link in the network chain is severed, all network transmission is halted. It works well for small networks because it is simple to set up and utilizes shorter cables since each device is connected to the next. It is a poor solution for larger networks, however since the entire network relies on each connection, and network speed is reduced as more devices are added.

source: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/l/linear-bus-topology.htm

Alternatively referred to as a Star network, Star topology is one of the most common network setups. In this configuration, every node connects to a central network device, like a hub, switch, or computer. The central network device acts as a server and the peripheral devices act as clients. Depending on the type of network card used in each computer of the star topology, a coaxial cable or a RJ-45 network cable is used to connect computers together. 

source: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/s/startopo.htm

A Ring topology is a network configuration in which device connections create a circular data path. Each networked device is connected to two others, like points on a circle. Together, devices in a ring topology are referred to as a ring network.

source: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/mesh.htm

A network setup where each computer and network device is interconnected with one another, allowing for most transmissions to be distributed, even if one of the connections go down. It is a topology commonly used for wireless networks. Below is a visual example of a simple computer setup on a network using a mesh topology.

source: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/mesh.htm

A hybrid topology is a type of network topology that uses two or more differing network topologies. These topologies include a mix of bus topology, mesh topology, ring topology, star topology, and tree topology.

                                                                                              


  source: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/h/hybrtopo.htm

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORK?

TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

Short for Metropolitan-Area Network, MAN is a network that is utilized across multiple buildings. A MAN is much larger than the standard Local-Area Network (LAN), but is not as large as a Wide Area Network (WAN). A MAN is commonly used in school campuses and large companies with multiple buildings.

source: https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/man.htm

A Wide Area network (WAN) is a geographically distributed private telecommunications network that interconnects multiple local area networks (LANs). In an enterprise, a WAN may consist of connections to a company's headquarters, branch offices, colocation facilities, cloud services and other facilities. Typically, a router or other multifunction device is used to connect a LAN to a WAN.

                                                                                                                source: https://searchenterprisewan.techtarget.com/definition/WAN

A Local-Area Network (LAN) is a computer network that spans a relatively small area. Most often, a LAN is confined to a single room, building or group of buildings, however, one LAN can be connected to other LANs over any distance via telephone lines and radio waves.                                                                                           

 source: https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/L/local_area_network_LAN.html

A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a computer network used for data transmission amongst devices such as computers, telephones, tablets, personal digital assistants, fax machines and printers, that are located close to a single user

source: http://www.cmscomputer.in/blog/what-is-lan-wan-man-san-can-pan-and-gan/

HOW TO BE A RESPONSIBLE NETIZEN?

Being a responsible netizen you have to be mindful of what you share just like on social media

Being a responsible netizen Do not engage to Cyberbullying don't ever bullied someone on social 

media it may also affect your own identity. to be a responsible netizen you have to 
Act on your age.

Being a responsible netizen you have To be careful of what you say, Be attentive to the fact that you won't appear rude, insensitive, arrogant, or sly.

BE MINDFUL of privacy in today's generation it's very easy to take screenshots of private messages and share it to the whole world

BE TRUTHFUL! Speak or Reveal only the truth avoid the fake news

To be a responsible netizen you have To be sensitive sometimes not just

for self also for other people 

Refrain from sowing unnecessary fear

Terrorist groups like the ISIS have harnessed social media and the Internet to recruit fighters and spread their propaganda. Social media users and the media may unwittingly contribute to the spread of this propaganda.According to Wired, social media expert and author Zeynep Tufekci, says that “[public] mass-murder terrorism—religious-inspired to white-supremacist to school shootings—has a media strategy. Media keeps cooperating.”To some extent, terrorist groups thrive on the publicity they organically gain from the media and the public. One way of not contributing to this "endless loop of terror victims", as pointed out by Poynter, is to refrain from sharing visual images and videos of terrified victims.