How to reformat a personal computer

HOW TO REFORMAT A PERSONAL COMPUTER 

To format your hard disk during Windows 7 installation, you'll need to start, or boot, your computer using the Windows 7 installation disc or USB flash drive.

1. Turn on your computer so that Windows starts normally, insert the Windows 7 installation disc or USB flash drive, and then shut down your computer.
2. Restart your computer.
3. Press any key when prompted, and then follow the instructions that appear.
4. On the "Install Windows" page, enter your language and other preferences, and then click Next.
5. If the "Install Windows" page doesn't appear, and you're not asked to press any key, you might need to change some system settings. To learn how to do this, see Start your computer from a Windows 7 installation disc or USB flash drive.
6. On the "Please read the license terms" page, if you accept the license terms, click I accept the license terms, and then click Next.
7. On the "Which type of installation do you want?" page, click Custom.
8. On the "Where do you want to install Windows?" page, click Drive options (advanced).
9. Click the partition that you want to format and click Format.
10.  After formatting, setup will start copying files on to the hard disk.
    
    
    
    
    
    11 After copying of files, setup will start installing Windows. 
    
    
    
    
    
    12 Select desired language and regional settings, when prompted by setup.
    
    
    
    
    
    13 Enter windows key.
    
    
    
    
    
    14 Type a name for your computer.
    
    
    
    
    
    15 Select time and date settings and time zone according to your country.
    
    
    
    
    
    16 Provide network settings for networking pc's or select typical settings and press enter.
    
    
    
    
    
    17 Setup will install devices and register components.
    
    
    
    
    
    18 After completion setup will do a cleanup of files and will restart your pc automatically. At this stage you can remove CD from drive.
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    

    To Create A Partition

    
    
    What is disk partitioning?
    
    
    Disk Partitioning is the creation of one or more regions on a  hard disk or other secondary storage, so that an operating system  can manage information in each region separately.
    
    
    Partitioning is typically the first step of preparing a newly manufactured disk, before any files or directories have been created. 
    
    
    
    Remember:
    
    
                         1 KB      = thousand bytes
                         1 MB     = million bytes
                         1 GB      = billion bytes
                         1 TB       = trillion bytes
    
    
    Remember:
    
    
                         1 KB      = 1024 bytes
                         1 MB     = 1024 KB
                         1 GB      = 1024 MB
                         1 TB       = 1024 GB
    
    
    EXAMPLE:
    
    
    Original size/capacity = 40995 MB
    
    
    P1   - 50 %             =      40995 x .50       =        20498    
    P2   - 50 %             =      40995 x .50       =        20498 
    
    
    
    
    Original size/capacity = 40995 MB
    
    
    P1   - 25 GB           =      25 x 1024         =         25600
    P2   - 25  %            =      40995 x .25      =         10249
    P3   - The rest     
      
    
    
    Original size/capacity = 38162 MB
    
    
    P1   - 15 GB           =      15 x 1024          =        15360 
    P2   - 30 %             =      38162 x .30       =        11449
    P3   - 100%           
    
    
    
    Original size/capacity = 38162 MB
    
    
    P1   - 39 %            =      38162 x .39         =        14883
    P2   - 11 GB           =      11 x 1024            =        11264

How to share file and printer in a computer network?

Sharing file on a network (server)

Create an IP Address

	SERVER (1)	CLIENT (2)	SUBNET MASK
A	100.100.200.1	100.100.200.2	255.0.0.0
B	150.130.150.54	150.130.150.55	255.255.0.0
C	200.150.180.21	200.150.180.22	255.255.255.0

 Configure  the IP Address

• IPCONFIG ecommand is a fast was of determining your computer's IP address and other information, such as the address of its default gateway.

• PING is used to test the connectivity.

     Set Windows firewall settings

SET WINDOWS FIREWALL SETTINGS

Turn off firewall

• FIREWALL is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

    Set up a home or small office network

SET UP A HOME OR SMALL OFFICE NETWORK

Network Setup Wizard

• NETWORK SETUP WIZARD is a built-in feature of windows that let you setup a network for computers running Microsoft windows operating systems.

Sharing file on a network (Server)

1.   Place the file inside the folder

2.  Right click the folder

3.  Click Properties

4.  Click Sharing

5.  Click Share this folder on the network

6.  Click Apply

7.  Click OK

Checking the file (Client)

1.   Click Start button

2.  Click Run

3.  Then type \\[IP address of server]

Sharing printer on a network (Server)

1.  Click Control Panel

2.  Click Add Printer

3.  Right click Printer

4.  Click Sharing

5.  Click Share this printer

6.  Click Apply

7.  Click OK

Connecting printer on a network (Client)

1.   Click Run

2.  Then type \\[IP address of Server]

3.  Double click Printers and Faxes

4.  Right click Printer

5.  Click Connect

What is Network or IP Address

WHAT IS NETWORK ADDRESS?

-Is a set of numbers,called as "octets" or "dotted decimal" notation,that identifies any network devices.

-A network address is an identifier for a node or host on a telecommunications network. Network addresses are designed to be unique identifiers across the network, although some networks allow for local, private addresses or locally administered addresses that may not be unique.

-It is more commonly known as a IP address

EXAMPLE:

TYPES OF IP VERSION

   IPV4(IP VERSION 4)

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP). It is one of the core protocols of standards-based internetworking methods in the Internet, and was the first version deployed for production in the ARPANET in 1983. It still routes most Internet traffic today, despite the ongoing deployment of a successor protocol, IPv6. IPv4 is described in IETF publication(September 1981), replacing an earlier definition, January 1980).

IPv4 is a connectionless protocol for use on packet-switched networks. It operates on a best effort delivery model, in that it does not guarantee delivery, nor does it assure proper sequencing or avoidance of duplicate delivery. These aspects, including data integrity, are addressed by an upper layer transport protocol, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

                               IPV6(IP VERSION 6)

    

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet. IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. IPv6 is intended to replace IPv4. IPv6 became a Draft Standard in December 1998, and became an Internet Standard on 14 July 2017.

CLASSES OF IP ADDRESS

Class A - 1 to 126

Class B - 128 to 191

Class C - 192 to 223

Class D - 224 to 239

Class E - 240 to 255

note:

127 - Loop back function of a network.
Class D - is for multicast.
Class E - reserved for future or experimental purposes

Steps on how to create IP Address and IP Configuration

CREATING IP ADDRESS

1. Right Click network Places

2.Click Properties

3.Right click local area connection

4.Click Properties

5.Click TCP / IP

6.Click Properties

7. Click Ok

IP CONFIGURATION

1. Click Start Button

2.Click Run

3. Type CMD

4.Type IP Config

5.Type ping IP address